Academic Summary Essay Example for Free

Academic Summary Essay In the article, How unethical are you? , Banaji et al. (2003) investigate four factors that result in unethical decision taken by managers: Implicit forms of prejudice, bias that favours ones own group, a tendency to over claim credit, and conflict of interest. The authors believe that the implicit prejudice is an unconscious judgment which originates from unintentional tendency to create relationships in the past. The implicit bias brings about social and economic effects which may eliminate capable people from doing the right job. Another reason is a tendency that benefits members of a group. This happens when those in minority are treated differently and less supported by the larger group only because they are a small group. Unaware exaggeration of their own talents is another influencing factor in which individuals rate themselves highly competent and exaggerate ones own cooperation in the group. Wide ranging opinions is the next factor stated by the authors which can also distort coming to a fair decision. See more: Homeless satire essay A bias in which there is tendency toward people with the same or similar idea causes disagreements and lead to unintentional immoral attitudes. Banaji et. al claim that by putting the conscious mind into use and paying more careful attention, managers would be able to confine the power of their conscious mind. They propose collecting data, shaping the environment, and broadening the decision making as the three main solutions to formulate conscious techniques. Banaji et. al point out that one way to decrease unintentional tendency is gathering information and making organized decisions. Moreover, they believe that implicit tendencies can be created by key signs in the environment. In order to reshape the existing bias, the person can put himself in an opposite situation in which the typical bias is being doubted. Expanding decision-making is another solution proposed by the authors which is achieved by disregarding your own identity when making decisions that may benefit specific groups of people more than others. Finally the authors state that managers who believe that they are unbiased must question the hypothesis that they are objective.

Sex in Othello and Hamlet Essay -- Sex Gender Feminine Essays

Sex debases men. They begin to struggle when they feel they are losing control of their emotions in any way. For a woman to easily change the way a man feels or the way he acts just by being female and attractive is enough to drive men insane. William Shakespeare's plays, Othello and Hamlet, demonstrate on paper, on film, and in other art forms that female sexuality and beauty are a threat to patriarchal society and that they must be controlled. Showalter affirms this in her essay by quoting David Laverenze's essay, "The Woman in Hamlet." In this essay he asserts that, " Hamlet's disgust at the feminine passivity in himself translated into violent revulsion against women and into his brutal behavior toward Ophelia" (Showalter 222). As men begin to see feminine aspects within themselves they will go to great lengths to not only deny, but also control these undesirable changes. Shakespeare's two plays are a direct commentary of the male insecurity that exists within relationships. Shakespeare's message concerning the male preoccupation with masculinity and their resulting fear of feminine sexuality has been portrayed in film, photography, and drawings. The way the women are represented in each genre clearly demonstrates the power of female sexuality. Though separate in style, each artwork clearly shows how the men of the play see the women as sexual powerhouses. The other genres help to reinforce my analysis of the text. In film we can watch hamlet's facial expressions as he reacts to Ophelia's obvious pull over his emotions. Every picture is taken for a reason in photography. Through each frame we are able to analyze the split second of action the photographer intended to capture. Here we are able to see an emotion or movement w... ...he become and the deeper into his insecurity he falls. Shakespeare's plays, the movies of his plays, and representations of his women through art all work together to create this great social commentary on men in relationships. The plays are obviously extreme since every man who is in love does not kill his lover. The point of the extremity however, is to reveal the gap that may otherwise go unnoticed. Desdemona and Ophelia are far from role models for women. They die and we do not want that. Once again, however their cases are extreme. We learn from them that acting blind to your lover's issues is not what we should strive to achieve. Rather, we should work together to make our sexuality a less foreign object to men. The more comfortable they are with it, the less intimidating it will seem and the more enjoyable it will be for both participants in the relationship.

Crime Causation and Diversion Paper Essay

Reading this paper it will discuss a few reasons to why juvenile delinquents behave the way that they do. This leads to the two diversion programs that are used in the state of Louisiana. This paper will discuss each program’s major goals, objectives, and core beliefs. A discussion about each program’s key participants as well as the different types of services each program offers. The paper will explain each program’s effective way at reducing juvenile crime. Lastly, the paper will end with a discussion about which program out of the two programs that work the best to reduce crimes committed by juveniles. There are many reasons to why juvenile becomes delinquents and then there are some that do not have a reason. Usually it starts in the home. Parents are the first people that can teach their children right from wrong. However, if a child comes from a single parent home may cause them to misbehave. If the child is in a two parent home but there is no discipline or if the parents are ex-criminal can cause the child to misbehave as well. The area where a child lives can play a big role to why a child can become a delinquent as well. For example if there is a lot of killing, low income living, and gang groups. Next it is the community, if there is nothing to offer a child they will most certainly turn into juvenile delinquents due to the fact that a child like activities and without the positive activities they see the negative activities as fun. Basically there is no single cause for all delinquents and not all delinquents carry out crimes thought-out there life. However, with major of Delinquents there are risk such as birth trauma, child abuse and neglect, ineffective parental discipline, family disruptions, conduct disorder and hyperactivity in children, school failure, learning disabilities, negative peer influences, limited employment opportunities, inadequate housing, and residence in high-crime neighborhoods. These examples can cause a juvenile to act out negatively (Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 1998). In the State of Louisiana there are different juvenile programs. There are two programs  that are very nice to use. The First program is the Model Programs Guide which is one of the first programs Louisiana juvenile justice had used. From the time MPG started up to 2013 it has been modified and updated. According to OJJDP (2013), â€Å"The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP’s) Model Programs Guide (MPG) contains information about evidence-based juvenile justice and youth prevention, intervention, and reentry programs. It is a resource for practitioners and communities about what works, what is promising, and what does not work in juvenile justice, delinquency prevention, and child protection and safety†. Vision Statement â€Å"The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) envision a nation where our children are healthy, educated, and free from violence. If they come into contact with the juvenile justice system, the contact should be rare, fair, and beneficial to them (OJJDP, 1)†. Mission Statement â€Å"The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provide national leadership, coordination, and resources to prevent and respond to juvenile delinquency and victimization. OJJDP supports states and communities in their efforts to develop and implement effective and coordinated prevention and intervention programs and to improve the juvenile justice system so that it protects public safety, holds offenders accountable, and provides treatment and rehabilitative services tailored to the needs of juveniles and their families (OJJDP, 1)†. MPG is an easy-to-use, central, reliable, and credible resource program that helps support communities and policymakers in identifying programs that can make a difference in families and children’s lives. The purpose of MPG is to support in practical decision making and program implementation by gathering information on specific juvenile justice-related programs and reviewing the existing evaluation research against standard criteria. The Programs that MPG provides are as followed: Child Protect; Health and Welfare; Children Exposed to Violence and Victimization; Delinquency Prevention; Detention; Confinement and Supervision, Juvenile Justice System and JJDPA; Juvenile and Family Courts; Law Enforcement; Populations; School; and Youth Offenders. Each Program has several individual programs that are related for each issue that a juvenile may have. The program address issues such as child  victimization, substance abuse, youth violence, mental health and trauma, and gang activity. In addition to the information provided by MPS there are additional resources that practitioners, policymakers, and communities can use to improve the effectiveness of interventions, enhance accountability, ensure public safety, and reduce recidivism (OJJDP, 2013). The next program that the state of Louisiana uses is the Blue Print program. This program specializes in the study and prevention of youth violence. Blueprint list is recommended by 72% of educational agencies. The program is very successful in preventing negative behavior and healthy youth development. Most school districts use â€Å"The Blueprints standard for certifying programs as â€Å"model† or â€Å"promising† is one of the highest in the field (CSPV, 1)†. Mission Statement â€Å"The Blueprints mission is to identify evidence-based prevention and intervention programs that are effective in reducing antisocial behavior and promoting a healthy course of youth development (CSPV, 1)†. The Blueprint programs focus the reconstruction of youth violent behavior. A few programs that blue print provides: Adolescent Coping with Depression, Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS), Behavioral Monitoring and Reinforcement Program, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, Communities That Care, Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Guiding Good Choices, and New Beginnings (Intervention for children of divorce)(CSPV, 2013). There are more programs and they all deal with the reason to why juvenile would turn delinquent. Each program listed above touches the core issues of youths. The staff at blueprint does continuous research on their youth programs. â€Å"Blueprints’ standards for certifying model and promising prevention programs are widely rec ognized as the most rigorous in use. Program effectiveness is based upon an initial review by Blueprints staff and a final review and recommendation from a distinguished advisory board, comprised of experts in the field of youth development† (CSPV, 1). Other researchers certifies these programs as rigorous and effectiveness through evaluation. Both programs are good and they both provide services that are intended to help juvenile behavior and reduce juvenile crime. However, the Model Program Guide really does not stick out like the Blueprint Program does. Blueprint touches more on the core of the problem. MPG provides  services that would help prevent juvenile crimes and it has been somewhat effective, Blueprint focus on behavior. What causes a juvenile to act out? Blueprint provides caring and reinforcement to a juveniles issue. In conclusion, crimes are committed by juveniles on day-to-day basis and each juvenile has a different attitude towards the crime that was committed. Life situations occur for juveniles which can cause a short or long term effect. The juvenile diversion programs like the Model Programs Guide and the Blueprint provides different types of prevention programs which targets to prevent future crimes. Programs vary from state to state and they are not all the same, nor do they have the same effect on all juveniles. In, conclusive what is known is that all prevention programs invoice a certain time period of powerful control over offenders to prevent the offender from any future offenses. Source CSPV-Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence- (2013). Blueprint for Violence Prevention Program. Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu/cspv/blueprints/. November 15, 2013. Juvenile Justice Bulletin (October 1998). Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency. Retrieved from http://www.ojjdp.gov/jjbulletin/9810_2/program.html. November 15, 2013. OJJDP-Officer of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2013). Model Programs Guide. Retrieved from http://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg. November 16, 2013.

A Classic Realist s Perception Of The 2003 Iraq War

International Relations Essay A Classic Realist’s perception of the 2003 Iraq War International Relations as a whole debates that politics equals power, therefore there are several theories which have emerged within International Relations that illuminate how nation-states interact with each other, their reason to go to war and what motivates them to establish peace. Within its many strands, Classical Realism emerged as a Post-World War 2 theory and is argued to be ‘pessimistic about the prospects for international cooperation’ (Glaser, 1994/95, pp. 56); which will be the concept discussed. This theory is characterised as Positivism rather than Post-Positivism due to its application of scientific process, where it uses natural science empirically to identify regularities. The essay will first focus on the various theorists and their ideas in core Classical Realism, such as; Thucydides, Morgenthau, Machiavelli, Hobbes, and more. The case study of the essay will be the 2003 Iraq War, where a quick summary will be explained before applying key classical realist concepts to it then analysing their strengths and weaknesses. Throughout this analysis other theories debated in International Relations will be discussed to replace or dismiss Classical Realisms concepts. Finally a conclusion will be delivered summarising the fundamental arguments discussed throughout the essay; if one can really apply the Classical Realism theory to the Iraq War case study. Classical Realism primarilyShow MoreRelatedGgfghj12150 Words   |  49 PagesDeï ¬ nitions In this third edition of our book we bring the survey of the conï ¬â€šict resolution ï ¬ eld up to date at the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-ï ¬ rst century. Conï ¬â€šict resolution as a deï ¬ ned specialist ï ¬ eld came of age in the post-Cold War era. It also found itself face to face with fundamental new challenges, many of which have come into even sharper focus since the ï ¬ rst and second editions of this book. Why a Third Edition? The ï ¬ rst edition of the book (1999) was written at a timeRead MoreNationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union28567 Words   |  115 Pages On the far side of revenge. Believe that a further shore Is reachable from here. Believe in miracles And cures and healing wells.... If there s fire on the mountain Or lightning and storm And a god speaks from the sky That means someone is hearing The outcry and the birth-cry Of new life at its term (.Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA TempleRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

Solomon Northup, Author of Twelve Years a Slave

Solomon Northup was a free black resident of New York State who was drugged on a trip to Washington, D.C. in the spring of 1841 and sold to a slave dealer. Beaten and chained, he was transported by ship to a New Orleans slave market and suffered more than a decade of servitude on Louisiana plantations. Northup had to hide his literacy or risk violence. And he was unable, for years, to get word to anyone in the North to let them know where he was. Fortunately, he  was eventually able to send messages which prompted legal action that secured his freedom. Writing His Narrative and the Impact on Abolition After regaining his freedom and miraculously returning to his family in New York, he collaborates with a local attorney to write a shocking account of his ordeal, Twelve Years a Slave, which was published in May 1853. Northup’s case and his book attracted considerable attention. Most slave narratives were written by former slaves who had been born into slavery, but Northup’s perspective of a free man kidnapped and forced to spend years toiling on plantations was especially disturbing. Northup’s book sold well, and on occasion, his name appeared in newspapers alongside such prominent abolitionist voices as Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frederick Douglass. Yet he did not become an enduring voice in the campaign to end slavery. Though his fame was fleeting, Northup did make an impact on how society viewed slavery. His book seemed to underscore abolitionist arguments advanced by people such as William Lloyd Garrison. And Twelve Years a Slave was published at a time when the controversy over the Fugitive Slave Act and events such as the Christiana Riot were still on the minds of the public. His story came to prominence in recent years thanks to a major film, â€Å"12 Years a Slave,† by British director Steve McQueen. The film won the Oscar for Best Picture of 2014. Northups Life as a Free Man According to his own account, Solomon Northup was born in Essex County, New York, in July 1808. His father, Mintus Northup, had been born a slave, but his owner, a member of a family named Northup, had freed him. Growing up, Solomon learned to read and also learned to play the violin. In 1829 he married, and he and his wife Anne eventually had three children. Solomon found work at various trades, and in the 1830s the family moved to Saratoga, a resort town, where he was employed driving a hack, the horse-drawn equivalent of a taxi. At times he found employment playing the violin, and in early 1841 he was invited by a pair of traveling performers to come with them to Washington, D.C. where they could find lucrative work with a circus. After obtaining papers in New York City establishing that he was free, he accompanied the two white men to the nation’s capital, where slavery was legal. Kidnapping in Washington Northup and his companions, whose names he believed to be Merrill Brown and Abram Hamilton, arrived in Washington in April 1841, just in time to witness the funeral procession for William Henry Harrison, the first president to die in office. Northup recalled watching the pageantry with Brown and Hamilton. That night, after having drinks with his companions, Northup began to feel sick. At some point, he lost consciousness. When he woke, he was in a stone basement, chained to the floor. His pockets had been emptied and the papers documenting that he was a free man were gone. Northup soon learned he was locked inside a slave pen which was within sight of the U.S. Capitol building. A slave dealer named James Burch informed him that he had been purchased and would be sent to New Orleans. When Northup protested and asserted he was free, Burch and another man produced a whip and a paddle, and savagely beat him. Northup had learned it was extremely dangerous to proclaim his status as a free man. Years of Servitude Northup was taken by ship to Virginia and then onward to New Orleans. In a slave market, he was sold to a plantation owner from the region of the Red River, near Marksville, Louisiana. His first owner was a benign and religious man, but when he got into financial difficulty Northup was sold. In one harrowing episode in Twelve Years a Slave, Northup recounted how he got into a physical altercation with a violent white master and was nearly hanged. He spent hours bound with ropes, not knowing if he would soon die. He recalled the day spent standing in the broiling sun: What my meditations were — the innumerable thoughts that thronged through my distracted brain — I will not attempt to give expression to. Suffice it so say, during the whole long day I came not to the conclusion, even once, that the southern slave, fed, clothed, whipped and protected by his master, is happier than the free colored citizen of the North. To that conclusion I have never since arrived. There are many, however, even in the Northern States, benevolent and well-disposed men, who will pronounce my opinion erroneous, and gravely proceed to substantiate the assertion with an argument. Alas! they have never drunk, as I have, from the bitter cup of slavery. Northup survived that early brush with hanging, mainly because it was made clear that he was valuable property. After being sold again, he would spend ten years toiling on the land of Edwin Epps, a plantation owner who treated his slaves brutally. It was known that Northup could play the violin, and he would travel to other plantations to perform at dances. But despite having some ability to move about, he was still isolated from the society in which he had circulated prior to his kidnapping. Northup was literate, a fact he kept hidden as slaves were not allowed to read or write. Despite his ability to communicate, he was unable to mail letters. The one time he was able to steal paper and manage to write a letter, he was unable to find a trustworthy soul to mail it to his family and friends in New York. Freedom After years of enduring forced labor, under threat of whippings, Northup finally met someone he believed he could trust in 1852. A man named Bass, who Northup described as a â€Å"native of Canada† had settled in the area around Marksville, Louisiana and worked as a carpenter. Bass had been working on a new house for Northup’s master, Edwin Epps, and Northup heard him arguing against slavery. Convinced he could trust Bass, Northup revealed to him that he had been free in New York State and was kidnapped and brought to Louisiana against his will. Skeptical, Bass questioned Northup and became convinced of his story. And he resolved to help him obtain his freedom. He wrote a series of letters to people in New York who had known Northup. A member of the family which had owned Northup’s father when slavery was legal in New York, Henry B. Northup, learned of Solomon’s fate. An attorney himself, he took extraordinary legal steps and obtained the proper documents that would allow him to travel into the slave South and retrieve a free man. In January 1853, after a long trip which included a stop in Washington where he met with a Louisiana senator, Henry B. Northup reached the area where Solomon Northup was enslaved. After discovering the name by which Solomon was known as a slave, he was able to find him and initiate legal proceedings. Within days Henry B. Northup and Solomon Northup were traveling back to the North. Legacy of Solomon Northup On his way back to New York, Northup visited Washington, D.C. again. An attempt was made to prosecute a slave dealer involved in his kidnapping years earlier, but the testimony of Solomon Northup was not allowed to be heard as he was black. And without his testimony, the case collapsed. A lengthy article in the New York Times on January 20, 1853, headlined â€Å"The Kidnapping Case,† told the story of Northup’s plight and the thwarted attempt to seek justice. In the next few months, Northup worked with an editor, David Wilson, and wrote Twelve Years a Slave. No doubt anticipating skepticism, Northup and Wilson added extensive documentation to the end of Northup’s account of his life as a slave. Affidavits and other legal documents attesting to the truth of the story added dozens of pages at the end of the book. The publication of Twelve Years a Slave in May 1853 attracted attention. A newspaper in the nation’s capital, the Washington Evening Star, mentioned Northup in a blatantly racist item published with the headline â€Å"Handiwork of Abolitionists†: There was a time when it was possible to preserve order among the negro population of Washington; but then the great majority of that population were slaves. Now, since Mrs. Stowe and her compatriots, Solomon Northup and Fred Douglass, have been exciting the free negroes of the North to action, and some of our resident philanthropists have been acting as agents in that holy cause, our city has been rapidly filling up with drunken, worthless, filthy, gambling, thieving free negroes from the North, or runaways from the South. Solomon Northup did not become a prominent figure in the abolitionist movement, and he seems to have lived quietly with his family in upstate New York. It is believed he died sometime in the 1860s, but by that time his fame had faded and newspapers did not mention his passing. In her non-fiction defense of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, published as The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe referred to Northup’s case. â€Å"The probability is that hundreds of free men and women and children are all the time being precipitated into slavery in this way,† she wrote. Northup’s case was highly unusual. He was able, after a decade of trying, to find a way to communicate with the outside world. And it can never be known how many other free blacks were kidnapped into slavery and were never heard from again.

How Do People Learn (Language) - 829 Words

How do people learn (language)? How we teach language should be based on how people learn language. Do we learn language the way we learn everything? Or is there some special way our brains learn language? Today we will talk about some of the hypotheses which have been suggested for how people learn (in general) and learn language (in particular). This child has learned sign-language from his parents – but how? NATURE vs. NURTURE People who argue for language learning by NATURE believe that humans are born with a built-in ability to learn language – that it is part of the structure of our brains. People who support NURTURE side of the argument believe that we learn language the same way we learn everything else, e.g.†¦show more content†¦S: I played basketball. T: I’m not very good at basketball. This responds to the meaning. NATIVISM (INNATE LANGUAGE ABILITY) Shortly after Skinner wrote his book, a young linguist named Noam Chomsky (1959) wrote a strong critique of the Behaviorist theory for language learning. Chomsky’s main argument against Behaviorism was this: IF CHILDREN LEARN LANGUAGE BY CONDITIONING AND IMITATION, WHY DO THEY SAY THINGS THEY HAVE NEVER HEARD BEFORE? WHY CAN ADULTS MAKE COMPLETELY NOVEL SENTENCES? †¢ Fish feet †¢ My brother only eats the blue monkeys. Chomsky also argued that the language children are exposed to is â€Å"deficient† for language learning. Chomsky claimed that the language children hear is full of â€Å"performance errors† such as grammatical mistakes, false starts, slips of the tongue, etc. CHOMSKY’S LAD Therefore, Chomsky argued, children must be born with some special built-in ability to learn language. He called this special built-in ability, the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). This device supposedly contained the main rules for all possible human languages. 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How To Write A History Essay Example For Students

How To Write A History Essay The Struggle Against Christianity in GermanyThe struggle against Christianity in Germany assumed greater proportions by the end of 1941. On Nov. 10 the official Vatican radio station in Rome broadcast, without comment, a catechism published by the German weekly Nordland, organ of the German Believers in God, in its issue of Sept. 15. There the principles of the German faith were given in the form of questions and answers. Some of the answers read: We National Socialists are believers in God because in us as German men veneration of the divine and faith in it are impressed in an indelible manner in our blood and being. We National Socialists believe: in the divine; in the unity of the universe; in Mother Earth; in destiny; in the creative force of our blood; in our people and its mission; in our Fuehrer; in the National Socialist peoples community; in ourselves. In the catechism it was further said: The divine in its highest form is personified in the German people because the individual only within his people can develop his divine faculties and energies or rather only in the people can he live. What derives from the fact that the divine in the highest form is personified in the people? It derives from it that service for the Fuehrer, for the people, and for the fatherland is divine service. To believe in our people and in its mission means: to have unshakeable conviction that our people represents the highest worth of all humanity on earth; to follow the will of nature according to which the best people is called upon to command; to know that to be led by the best people redounds from the necessity of things in benediction on other nations; to work, sacrifice ourselves and fight indefatigably for the ascent and victory of our people.A book circulated by the end of November in 200,000 copies in Germany, especially among the Elite Guard and the youth and called God and People, outlined the national German faith which was to replace the Catholic and Protestant churches. The book had no author named, but the unknown writer identified his views with those of the Nazi party and of its Fuehrer. The wide and encouraged circulation at a time of extreme paper shortage was proof enough of the semi-official character of the book. There it was said: We Germans have been called by fate to be the first to break with Christianity; it is to be an honor For two thousand years the Church had time to begin molding mankind into a cleaner, higher striving race. The Church not only did nothing, but has degenerated into a restraining impediment. Finally, the Fuehrer and his movement have come, decried as heretic, to perceive and form true divine will. Christianity has failed and thus runs in its death hour. A thousand bonds tie us to the Christian belief. But one blow will make us free. To make Germans strong and ripe for this step is our task, our holiest obligation. This new German faith is in no way dogmatic: German faith will not dictate to anyone his relationship to God. Everyone seeks his own way. But no one seeks it in Rome or Jerusalem. Germany is our Holy Land. It will be our religion . .. We want faith which flames out of the depths of German nature and out of German hearts. The Catholic bishops protested against the spread of this book in a letter read from all pulpits, in which they said: The existence of Christianity and of the Church in Germany is at stake. .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .postImageUrl , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:hover , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:visited , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:active { border:0!important; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:active , .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue2ce36df40212272d10ce712f1ae10dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: adversity Essay Recently a book has been spread in hundreds of thousands of copies which asserts we Germans have to choose between Christ and the German people. With flaming indignation, we German Catholics refuse to make such a choice.At the beginning of 1942 Dr. Alfred Rosenberg, who has been one of the spiritual fathers of National Socialism, has released for publication a 30 point program defining the religion of National Socialism. The 30 points, which may be of immense importance for the future of Germany and of any German-controlled parts of the world, in view of the position of the author and the official character of the program, are the following: The National Reichs Church will take over all existing churches and chapels, which will become national churches. While no German is obliged to join the Church, that Church itself is called to serve its single doctrinerace and people. Its domain is limited by the territorial frontiers of the Reich and its colonies. Other churches or religious associations, above all those based on international bodies or directed from abroad, will not be tolerated in Germany. The National Reich Church has one immutable objective, to destroy that Christian belief whose tenets conflict with the German heart and the German mentality and which were introduced into Germany in that unfortunate year 800, when Charlemagne subjugated the pagan Saxons. In the National Reich Church there will be no pastors or theologians, only the national orators of the Reich will be allowed to speak at the services which will be held on Saturday night. The orators of the national church will be state officials; none of them will be allowed to do anything to perpetuate the Christian faith. No Church or sect can possess any parcel of German soil, for it is not the Church that conquered and tilled the land, but the German people. The printing and the dissemination of the Bible, as well as of all Sunday papers with religious content are to be forbidden in the Reich, and no Bibles are to be imported. Hitlers Mein Kampf contains the principles of the racial morals under which the German people must live. By that book all Germans must live. All future editions of that book shall contain its present number of pages and contents unmodified. This most saintly book will be placed on the altars of all churches, with a sword to its left, while all Bibles and crosses have to be removed. The orators of the Church will during the services explain the contents of Mein Kampf. There will be no remission of sins and no baptisms in the National Reich Church. Parents of new born German children will swear that they are of pure Aryan descent and that they will bring up the child in the pure German spirit for the German people. At the end of each school year, on Good Friday, a day of youth shall be celebrated in the Church. Kneeling in the Church is forbidden as undignified for a German. The oath will be rendered with the right hand touching the sword on the altar. Atop of the Churches will be found no longer the Cross, but the symbol of invincible Germany, the swastika. These are briefly the tenets of the new national church as envisaged by the leaders of National Socialism. Only the future will be able to tell whether Germany has really proven invincible and whether she will live under the sign of the swastika instead of the sign of the Cross which for 1,200 years has been the foundation of German civilization as a part of the common culture of civilized mankind.